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Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis from Fatty Streak to Plaque Rupture

…and thrombus formation. Atherosclerosis is therefore not simply a disorder of lipid storage. Its biology includes: accumulation and modification of lipids within the intima; recruitment…

Inclisiran and Emerging Lipid-Lowering Agents

…when inclisiran was added to maximally tolerated statin therapy, with or without other lipid lowering treatment. The durability of the response is central to its…

LDL Cholesterol Targets Across Cardiovascular Risk Categories

…cholesterol (LDL C) is the principal therapeutic target in lipid management because LDL and other apolipoprotein B containing lipoproteins play a causal role in atherosclerotic…

Ezetimibe: Place in Therapy and Expected LDL-C Reduction

…the foundation of lipid lowering treatment for patients with chronic coronary syndrome, acute coronary syndrome (ACS), atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease, and other very high risk…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI): Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management

…progressive, and highly complex lipid driven inflammatory disease of the arterial intima that serves as the fundamental pathophysiological substrate for acute coronary syndromes (ACS), including…

Bempedoic Acid: Evidence and Clinical Use

…rationale Bempedoic acid is an oral, small molecule lipid lowering agent used to reduce low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL C), particularly when statins cannot be…

Colchicine and Anti-inflammatory Therapy in Coronary Disease

…sites. Its cardiovascular effects therefore appear to reflect modulation of vascular inflammation rather than lipid lowering. Other anti inflammatory strategies have produced less favourable results…

ApoB and Non-HDL Cholesterol in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment

…containing lipoproteins, including: LDL Intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) Chylomicrons and other triglyceride rich particles Thus, non…

Cardiovascular Risk Assessment with SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP

…HMOD) Probable or definite familial hypercholesterolaemia Other markedly abnormal single risk factors or genetic, rare lipid, or BP disorders Pregnancy Established ASCVD includes previous acute…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and Electrocardiographic Criteria

…coronary occlusion. Plaque rupture typically involves a thin, collagen poor fibrous cap overlying a large lipid core with many macrophages, resulting in a red, fibrin…

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