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Advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) - Advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS)

…treat (NNT) for the ACLS specific interventions is much higher or uncertain, meaning that the efficacy of these interventions is much lower or uncertain. Indeed…

In-Stent Restenosis: Mechanisms and Treatment

…ISR remains the most frequent cause of PCI failure, despite its substantially lower incidence with drug eluting stents (DES) than with bare metal stents (BMS…

The T-wave: physiology, variants and ECG features

…the baseline, regardless of whether its other parts are above the baseline. T wave inversions are frequently misunderstood, particularly in the setting of ischemia. Normal…

Brugada syndrome: ECG, clinical features and management

…features of Brugada syndrome are fairly specific to the disorder, provided that the clinical characteristics are in line with the disorder. There are however other…

Peripheral Artery Disease: Diagnosis, Ankle–Brachial Index and Risk Management

…a manifestation of systemic arterial disease rather than an isolated disorder of the lower limbs. Patients frequently have concomitant coronary, cerebrovascular or other peripheral arterial…

Acute Coronary Syndrome: Definitions and Initial Triage

…longer episodes, a lower threshold for provocation, or symptoms that awaken the patient from sleep. Initial symptoms of NSTEMI and UA may be similar. NSTEMI…

Third-degree AV block (3rd degree AV block, AV block 3, AV block III)

…Example of third degree AV block. Click to zoom. ECG features of third degree AV block On the ECG P waves have no relation to…

The QRS complex: ECG features of the Q-wave, R-wave, S-wave & duration

…third vector: the ventricular free wall The vectors resulting from activation of the ventricular free walls is directed to the left and downwards ( Figure 7 )…

Assessment of Pacemaker Malfunction

…or fracture of the leads. External causes are less common and include electrolyte disorders, metabolic disorders, hypoxemia, antiarrhythmic drugs, or electromagnetic disturbance caused by other…

Delirium in older adults: quick reference

…often missed. On medical and geriatric wards a substantial proportion of older patients are affected, and the incidence is particularly high after hip fracture, major…

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