…peripheral artery disease (PAD), and other manifestations of systemic atherosclerosis. The principal clinical concern is cerebral embolism or haemodynamic compromise leading to transient ischaemic attack…

…which includes forms that are caused by pre excitation. Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. Contraindications Asthma and COPD. Adenosine has caused mild to moderate exacerbation of asthma…

…recessive, X linked recessive, and mitochondrial forms occur, albeit less frequently (McNally et al). Screening of family members is justified, including a 12 lead ECG…

…for many secondary forms. Primary hyperaldosteronism is identified as the most frequent cause, comprising approximately 20–25% of secondary hypertension cases. Coarctation of the aorta…

…potassium, and resistant to suppression by sodium loading. It is the most common form of secondary hypertension. Aldosterone acts principally through the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)…

…into characteristic foam cells. The accumulation of these foam cells forms the earliest macroscopically visible lesion of atherosclerosis: the fatty streak [5] . Ruptured atherosclerotic lesion…

…that of other forms of acute tubular necrosis, although the complication remains associated with post procedural morbidity and mortality. Pathophysiology The precise mechanism of contrast…

…refers to inflammation of the myocardial (muscle) tissue. However, it is often difficult to differentiate pericarditis and myocarditis, and they tend to accompany each other…

…and lesion haziness raise suspicion of thrombus, although haziness is not specific. Intravascular imaging can identify plaque disruption, thrombus and other structural features that may…

…Recessive forms exist, although they are rare (Naxos disease, Carvajal syndrome). The prevalence of ARVC is between 0.02 and 0.05% in Europe (Corrado…