…Stable angina pectoris is diagnosed by means of exercise stress testing (exercise ECG). The purpose of the stress test is to increase the myocardial workload…

…the discomfort of angina pectoris but typically occurs at rest, is more severe, and lasts longer. The pain usually involves the central portion of the…

…in both NSTE ACS (NSTEMI and unstable angina pectoris) and STE ACS (STEM). However, the significance of the ST segment depression differs markedly in NSTE…

…favorable prognosis, as compared with other forms of ventricular tachycardia. Mechanisms of ventricular tachycardia Ventricular tachycardia (VT) may emerge due to increased/abnormal automaticity, re…

…stenoses. Myocardial ischaemia may occur despite the absence of significant epicardial obstruction. In patients with anginal symptoms and unobstructed or non obstructive coronary arteries, possible…

…reflects atherothrombosis: disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque followed by platelet activation and coagulation, with formation of an intraluminal thrombus. The clinical spectrum includes unstable angina…

…represents a form of arterial hyperplastic disease arising after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In contemporary practice, ISR remains the most frequent cause of PCI failure…

…produce extravascular compression. In the most severe form, termed no reflow, structural and functional microvascular impairment persists despite restoration of epicardial flow. The electrocardiographic appearance…

…with symptoms having all of the traditional aggravating and relieving characteristics of angina; many patients report less characteristic symptoms, while others present primarily with exertional…

…peripheral artery disease (PAD), and other manifestations of systemic atherosclerosis. The principal clinical concern is cerebral embolism or haemodynamic compromise leading to transient ischaemic attack…