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Pericarditis, myocarditis & perimyocarditis: ECG, criteria & treatment

…forms of pericarditis: acute and chronic. This article will focus on the former, as it has implications for all clinicians and the ECG. Acute pericarditis…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and Electrocardiographic Criteria

…pericarditis, pulmonary embolism, acute aortic dissection, costochondritis, and gastrointestinal disorders. Radiation of discomfort to the trapezius ridge is not seen in STEMI and suggests pericarditis…

Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…of several possibilities: Extension of the original infarction or reinfarction Acute native vessel thrombosis Stent thrombosis Mechanical complications of myocardial infarction Pericarditis Dynamic recurrence of…

Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Risk Assessment and Prevention

…that of other forms of acute tubular necrosis, although the complication remains associated with post procedural morbidity and mortality. Pathophysiology The precise mechanism of contrast…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI): Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management

…progressive, and highly complex lipid driven inflammatory disease of the arterial intima that serves as the fundamental pathophysiological substrate for acute coronary syndromes (ACS), including…

Invasive Coronary Angiography: Indications and Vascular Access

…absence of obstructive CAD on ICA should therefore not automatically be interpreted as evidence that the patient’s symptoms are non cardiac. In acute coronary…

Ventricular tachycardia (VT): ECG criteria, causes, classification, treatment

…favorable prognosis, as compared with other forms of ventricular tachycardia. Mechanisms of ventricular tachycardia Ventricular tachycardia (VT) may emerge due to increased/abnormal automaticity, re…

Vulnerable Plaque and Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Occlusion

…factors. Plaque erosion Plaque erosion is increasingly recognized and is present in at least one third of acute coronary syndromes in the cited material. Eroded…

Immediate Management of Type A and Type B Aortic Dissection

Cardiology Emergency medicine Surgery & trauma Definition and Pathophysiology Aortic dissection is a major form of acute aortic syndrome (AAS), alongside intramural haematoma, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer…

Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Risk Stratification and Reperfusion

…pulmonary vascular obstruction is accompanied by limited cardiopulmonary reserve or other adverse comorbidity. The classification of acute PE comprises four clinically useful groups: High risk…

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