…The most common causes are coronary heart disease (acute coronary syndromes or ischemic heart disease), heart failure , cardiomyopathy (dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy), valvular disease …

…kidney disease, particularly diabetic kidney disease and advanced CKD. The clinical course is often more rapidly reversible than that of other forms of acute tubular…

…case of ischemia, cardiac myocytes protect themselves by switching to anaerobic metabolism. This is possible because cardiac myocytes store glycogen (a storage form of glucose…

…heart, aorta, kidneys, or other vascular beds. Malignant hypertension represents an extreme form in which acute microvascular injury occurs, classically involving fibrinoid necrosis of small…

…therefore commonly include recurrent myocardial ischaemia, recurrent infarction, or acute coronary occlusion. Stent thrombosis may occur within hours or days of implantation or many months…

…disruption, rupture and compromise of branch vessels. Type A disease may cause cardiac tamponade, severe acute aortic regurgitation, coronary malperfusion, myocardial ischaemia, heart failure, shock…

…Non acute heart failure in which an ischaemic or cardiometabolic cause is suspected. Selected asymptomatic individuals in whom coronary disease is detected incidentally or during…

…for intermediate non left main coronary stenoses. Myocardial ischaemia may occur despite the absence of significant epicardial obstruction. In patients with anginal symptoms and unobstructed…

…largely driven by coronary microvascular dysfunction, also contributes to the extension and severity of ischemic injury. In its most severe form, known as no reflow…

…once the exercise is stopped. Some experts believe that these ST segment depressions represent a benign form of subendocardial ischemia. Refer to Exercise Stress Testing…