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🟠 CHADS-VA Bleeding Risk Score

…risk in women based solely on gender. This aims to prevent unnecessary anticoagulation in low risk female patients, thereby reducing the potential for bleeding complications…

Cardiovascular Risk in Women: Sex-Specific Factors

…premature menopause and subsequent hypertension or diabetes are insufficient to support firm conclusions. Systemic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis…

Early repolarization on ECG: when guidelines confuse ECG criteria

…agree with those viewpoints. Going through some guidelines the other day I realized that they are indeed becoming thicker and thicker. Guidelines issued by AHA…

Complications of Coronary Angiography and Vascular Access Management

…reaction 0.37 Haemodynamic complications 0.26 Cardiac chamber perforation 0.03 Other complications 0.28 Total major complications 1.70 In another large diagnostic…

Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries: Causes, Work-up and Management

…and more often female than patients with atherosclerotic mediated myocardial infarction. A history of cigarette smoking may be present despite relatively few other conventional atherosclerotic…

Anticoagulation Strategies in Atrial Fibrillation

…absence of other comorbidities, does not significantly increase stroke risk. Conversely, the 2023 ACC/AHA guidelines retain the "VASc" nomenclature but clarify that female sex…

Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease

…least eight drinks weekly in females or at least 15 drinks weekly in males, or binge drinking in either sex. Other definitions of unhealthy drinking…

Differential Diagnosis of Chest Pain: A Clinical Overview

…Nuances: While typical angina is defined by these characteristics, the presentation can be highly variable, particularly in females, the elderly, or patients with diabetes [4]…

Familial Hypercholesterolaemia: Diagnosis, Cascade Screening and Treatment

…In untreated HeFH, CAD commonly develops during the third or fourth decade in males and approximately 10 years later in females. Untreated HoFH is associated…

Posterior acute myocardial infarction (STEMI)

…does not display ST segment elevations during posterior (posterolateral) transmural ischemia. On the other hand, leads V1–V3 (occasionally V4) may detect the injury currents…

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