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Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…set the COPD exacerbation apart from many other causes of acute dyspnoea: oxygen must be titrated cautiously and the blood gas determines the need for…

Cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)

…outcomes. The vast majority of infections with COVID 19 result in mild disease, with symptoms similar to seasonal flu (influenza) and other viral respiratory infections…

Care after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)

…s outcome: Neurological injury Myocardial dysfunction Systemic response to reperfusion and ischemia Effects of the underlying cause of cardiac arrest Neurological injuries may cause coma…

Hypertension: Causes, investigations, complications & treatment

…careful consideration of other cardiovascular risk factors and coexisting conditions. Therapy must be tailored to each patient. Optimal blood pressure Optimal blood pressure is 115…

Adenosine for tachyarrhythmias (AVNRT, AVRT, NCT)

…This side effect lasts a few seconds. Case reports have indicated that the risk of high degree AV block and ventricular arrhythmias is greater in…

ECG changes caused by antiarrhythmic drugs, beta blockers & calcium channel blockers

…pronounced symptoms and other therapies have failed. Patients with structural heart disease or reduced left ventricular function are not eligible. Effects of propafenone and flecainide…

Sinus bradycardia: definitions, ECG, causes and management

…dysfunction, side effects of medications and acute myocardial infarction. Holter ECG is useful to determine the frequency, severity and situational dependence of sinus bradycardia. If…

Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease

…distribution throughout water containing tissues, including the myocardium. Its effects therefore depend not only on dose but also on exposure pattern, duration, sex and genetic…

Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Outcomes

…Their effects are multidimensional and cannot be adequately inferred from changes in a single intermediate marker such as cholesterol. Dietary composition may influence blood pressure…

Smoking Cessation: Pharmacotherapy and Cardiovascular Benefit

…or other circumstances that may affect cessation or treatment monitoring. Single question screening can identify unhealthy drug use requiring counselling regarding cardiovascular effects and potential…

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