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Ectopic atrial rhythm (EAT), atrial tachycardia (AT) & multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT)

…atrial tachycardia is induced by the drug. Management of all other cases aligns with the approach used for atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Beta blockers…

Third-degree AV block (3rd degree AV block, AV block 3, AV block III)

…Escape rhythms with narrow QRS complexes indicate that the block and the ectopic focus (which generates the escape rhythm) are located proximal to the bifurcation…

Sinoatrial arrest & sinoatrial pause (sinus pause / arrest)

…pacemaker (or any other ectopic focus) are referred to as escape beats. Three or more consecutive beats from a latent pacemaker (or other ectopic focus)…

Primary Aldosteronism: Screening and Management

…ectopic aldosterone production Familial forms include familial hyperaldosteronism type 1, formerly termed glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism, and other familial forms associated with adrenal adenoma or bilateral…

Tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy

…Yokokawa et al). Tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy is presumably the main cause of left ventricular dysfunction among patients with atrial fibrillation and other supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Moreover…

Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT): ECG features & management

…However, in cases of rapid AVNRT or in patients with underlying structural heart disease, the arrhythmia may result in symptoms indicative of reduced cardiac output…

Premature ventricular contractions (premature ventricular complex, premature ventricular beats)

…complexes are not preceded by P waves because the ectopic impulse originates in the ventricles and does not influence the atria (with exceptions discussed below)…

Ventricular rhythm and accelerated ventricular rhythm (idioventricular rhythm)

…wide with discordant ST T segment and the rhythm is regular (in most cases). Idioventricular rhythm starts and terminates gradually. It occurs in other situations…

Other ECG changes in ischemia and infarction

…of ischemia (but the sensitivity is low). U wave changes always accompany other ischemic ST T changes. They may occur in both NSTEMI and STEMI…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…Akutsjukvård Lathundar Key messages Two things set the COPD exacerbation apart from many other causes of acute dyspnoea: oxygen must be titrated cautiously and the…

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