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Peripheral Artery Disease: Diagnosis, Ankle–Brachial Index and Risk Management

…Other mechanisms include thrombosis, embolism, vasculitis, fibromuscular dysplasia, arterial entrapment, cystic adventitial disease and trauma. Atherosclerotic PAD is a manifestation of systemic arterial disease rather…

NSTEMI: Risk Stratification and Timing of the Invasive Strategy

…from early coronary angiography and revascularization, while avoiding unnecessary procedural complications and bleeding in those at lower risk or in whom the hazards of revascularization…

Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis from Fatty Streak to Plaque Rupture

…its major complications—including myocardial infarction, unstable angina and stroke—may occur abruptly and without preceding warning. Initiation and progression of the fatty streak The…

Acute stroke and thrombolysis: quick reference

…complications and when thrombectomy should be considered. The doses and Swedish thresholds below are based on the national guideline for the management of reperfusion treatment…

Primary Aldosteronism: Screening and Management

…sleep apnoea Hypertension with atrial fibrillation in the absence of an underlying structural cardiac explanation Early onset hypertension or cerebrovascular accident at a young age…

Vasospastic (Prinzmetal) Angina: Provocation Testing and Treatment

…arteries (MINOCA). Ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death are important potential complications. Approximately one third of patients may have severe fixed coronary obstruction. Such patients…

Complete Versus Culprit-Only Revascularization in Acute Coronary Syndrome

…acute severe mitral regurgitation, and other mechanical complications. Shock occurs more often when the coronary artery is completely occluded and is particularly associated with MVD…

Advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) - Advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS)

…should be established as early as possible. Airway management should not interrupt compressions for more than 5 seconds. The effect of cricoid pressure and gastric…

Early repolarization on ECG: when guidelines confuse ECG criteria

…QRS duration is <120 ms. Panel B in Figure 5 below shows another example of early repolarization. Readers interested in ST segment elevation differential diagnoses…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…Lathundar Key messages Two things set the COPD exacerbation apart from many other causes of acute dyspnoea: oxygen must be titrated cautiously and the blood…

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