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Hypertensive Emergency and Urgency: Differentiation and Treatment

…monoamine oxidase inhibitor crisis, cocaine intoxication, or other sympathomimetic exposure, including methamphetamine. Abrupt withdrawal of antihypertensive medication, particularly clonidine, can also precipitate a hypertensive crisis…

Hypertensive crisis: quick reference for acute blood pressure lowering

…ways. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors can cause a hypertensive crisis through interactions, while venlafaxine and higher doses of bupropion, among others, can raise the blood pressure…

Pediatric aspects of ECG leads & anatomy

…a parent or other personnel. Distracting the child during ECG recording may be recommended to reduce muscle disturbances. To further reduce muscle disturbances it can…

Overview of the ECG Waves, Deflections, Intervals, Durations

…complexes indicate that ventricular depolarization is slow, which may be a consequence of disturbances in the electrical conduction system. The J point and the ST…

Atropine: Dosing in Bradycardia and Its Limitations

…information on biomarkers or laboratory findings specific to the evaluation of bradycardia. Treatment and Management, Including Acute and Long Term Strategies The initial approach to…

Cardiac arrest due to electrolyte imbalance

…and cardiac arrest, with hyperkalemia being the most prevalent electrolyte disturbance observed in cardiac arrest scenarios. Hypocalcemia, although capable of causing cardiac arrest, is an…

Nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay (defect)

…at twice as great a risk of all cause death and cardiovascular death, compared to patients without such disturbances, including those with RBBB and LBBB…

Digoxin: Dosing, Therapeutic Range and Toxicity Management

…control in atrial fibrillation, particularly when other therapeutic options cannot be pursued. Patients receiving digoxin may present with symptoms of digitalis toxicity, which manifests across…

Assessment of Pacemaker Malfunction

…hypoxemia, antiarrhythmic drugs, or electromagnetic disturbance caused by other machines/devices. Below follows ECG tracings demonstrating each type of failure. Figure 1. Failure to pace…

Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: quick reference

…of seizures, delirium tremens, infection, trauma and metabolic disturbance. 4. Monitoring at the appropriate level of care , with readiness for respiratory support. 5. Treatment of…

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