…or fracture of the leads. External causes are less common and include electrolyte disorders, metabolic disorders, hypoxemia, antiarrhythmic drugs, or electromagnetic disturbance caused by other…

…isoelectric; this occurs if there are electrical potential differences in the myocardium by the end of the QRS complex (it typically causes J point depression)…

…the uterus should be manually displaced to the woman's left side (Figure 1). Additional offloading of the vena cava can be accomplished using a…

…the left ventricle, the opening of the mitral valve and the left atrium. Recall that velocities (flows) directed away from the transducer are displayed below…

…anterior (V1) to left lateral (V6), but regrettably, the limb leads are not. Instead, the limb leads are displayed in two groups of three: leads…

…one side to the other, as illustrated in Figure 2. The sequence of activation goes from right to left and then from left to right…

…12 s, provided that other causes of left axis deviation have been excluded. Causes of extreme axis deviation Extreme axis deviation is rare. It is…

…s, provided that other causes of left axis deviation have been excluded. Causes of extreme axis deviation Rare. Most likely due to misplaced limb electrodes…

…wave infarction) Lead Definition of pathological Q wave Normal variants V2–V3 ≥0,02 s or QS complex None All other leads ≥0,03 s…

…ischemia. Inverted U waves are even more typical of ischemia (but the sensitivity is low). U wave changes always accompany other ischemic ST T changes…