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🟠 Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid)

…sign of skin rash, mucosal lesions, or hypersensitivity. Interactions Pharmacodynamic interactions Anticoagulants, thrombolytics, or other platelet aggregation inhibitors: Salicylates inhibit platelet function and enhance the…

The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…they represent coronary atherothrombotic events in the setting of a stent thrombosis or restenosis. Type 1 myocardial infarction Definition and pathophysiology Type 1 MI results…

Assessment of Pacemaker Malfunction

…fracture of the leads. External causes are less common and include electrolyte disorders, metabolic disorders, hypoxemia, antiarrhythmic drugs, or electromagnetic disturbance caused by other machines…

Eletrical alternans: the ECG in pericardial effusion & cardiac tamponade

…local and systemic disorders. Accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space may lead to increased intrapericardial pressure, which in turn affects ventricular relaxation (and thus…

Blood gas interpretation: quick reference for acid-base disorders

…A compensated simple disorder, or two opposing primary disorders It is therefore not enough to ask which of the pCO₂ and the HCO₃ deviates most…

Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Pathways

…Atherosclerotic and thromboembolic risk factors. Relevant predispositions, such as connective tissue disease. No single pain descriptor is diagnostic. The severity of pain also has limited…

The ST segment: physiology, normal appearance, ST depression & ST elevation

…depression). As mentioned above there are numerous other conditions that affect the ST T segment and it is fundamental to be able to differentiate these…

Cardiovascular Risk in Women: Sex-Specific Factors

…reproductive and pregnancy related history. Female specific or female predominant factors associated with later cardiovascular risk include: Premature menopause Premature ovarian insufficiency Hypertensive disorders of…

Familial and Genetic Screening in Premature Cardiovascular Disease

…and thromboembolic disorders. Most recognised heritable cardiovascular conditions demonstrate autosomal dominant transmission, in which an affected heterozygous individual has a 50% risk of transmitting the…

Primary Aldosteronism: Screening and Management

…neurons and other tissues. This distribution helps explain why PA produces cardiovascular injury beyond its effects on blood pressure and potassium balance. The principal sporadic…

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