…does not by itself identify the cause. The result must always be weighed together with the clinical picture, medication, fluid balance, renal function, electrolytes and…

…is primarily a disorder of water balance. The plasma sodium reflects the ratio between the body's exchangeable sodium and potassium and the total body…

…fracture of the leads. External causes are less common and include electrolyte disorders, metabolic disorders, hypoxemia, antiarrhythmic drugs, or electromagnetic disturbance caused by other machines…

…managed as chronic hyponatremia. Degree of hyponatremia P/S Na + Common effects Mild 130 125 mmol/l Cognitive disorders, vertigo, balance disorder. Moderate 115 125…

…resistance. Hypokalaemia should not be permitted when assessing dietary electrolyte intake, because it can increase blood pressure and may affect interpretation of the clinical picture…

…Other common causes are cardiomyopathy (hypertrophic or dilated), arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, Brugada syndrome, early repolarization. Electrolyte disorders, acidosis, hypoxemia and ischemia all aggravate the…

…after reperfusion in an occluded coronary artery. It also occurs as side effect of drugs, hypoxia, myocarditis and electrolyte disorders. Because the rate (60–100…

…electrolyte disorders , congenital heart disease and catecholamine induced ventricular tachycardia . The vast majority of patients with ventricular tachycardia either have coronary artery disease (ischemic heart…

…primary and secondary. Primary and secondary ST T changes Primary ST T changes are caused by abnormal repolarization . This is seen in ischemia, electrolyte disorders…

…the severity of electrolyte imbalance and the visible ECG changes. Specific electrolyte disorders 1. Sodium Increased (hypernatremia) and decreased (hyponatremia) sodium levels do not have…