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Hypoglycaemia: quick reference for emergency management

…physical activity and any other precipitating factor. Thresholds The thresholds below are used above all in diabetes. The severity of the symptoms and the patient…

Hyponatraemia: quick reference for work-up and correction

…a disorder of water balance. The plasma sodium reflects the ratio between the body's exchangeable sodium and potassium and the total body water. In…

Assessment of Pacemaker Malfunction

…include electrolyte disorders, metabolic disorders, hypoxemia, antiarrhythmic drugs, or electromagnetic disturbance caused by other machines/devices. Below follows ECG tracings demonstrating each type of failure…

The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…4b and 4c fulfil the criteria for type 1 MI because they represent coronary atherothrombotic events in the setting of a stent thrombosis or restenosis…

Blood gas interpretation: quick reference for acid-base disorders

…pO₂, A–a gradient or PaO₂/FiO₂ Arterial blood gas COHb or MetHb Arterial or venous sample with co oximetry Follow up of pH in…

Familial and Genetic Screening in Premature Cardiovascular Disease

…Familial and genetic screening in cardiovascular medicine is the systematic assessment of relatives and other individuals who may carry an inherited predisposition to cardiovascular disease…

Eletrical alternans: the ECG in pericardial effusion & cardiac tamponade

…by numerous local and systemic disorders. Accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space may lead to increased intrapericardial pressure, which in turn affects ventricular relaxation…

🟠 Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid)

…Prophylaxis against recurrence of cerebrovascular disease: 75–80 mg tablet once daily. Warnings and precautions Use Aspirin with caution in the following cases: Concurrent anticoagulant…

Cardiovascular Risk Assessment with SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP

…component of the overall burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. SCORE2 is intended principally for adults aged 40–69 years, whereas SCORE2 OP is used in…

Primary Aldosteronism: Screening and Management

…PA), also termed primary hyperaldosteronism or Conn syndrome, comprises disorders in which aldosterone secretion is inappropriately increased, relatively autonomous from angiotensin II and plasma potassium…

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