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ECG manifestations of left main coronary artery (LMCA) occlusion and critical stenosis

…some patients present with severe LMCA stenosis exacerbated by other conditions, and these must also be recognized. Prompt identification of LMCA involvement is therefore critical…

Clinical application of ECG in chest pain & acute myocardial infarction

…of men display ST segment elevations that are not caused by ischemia and a significant proportion have ST T changes caused by other pathological conditions…

The Cabrera format of the 12-lead ECG and inverted lead aVR

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation Standard display of ECG leads in the 12 lead ECG Numerous conditions that can be diagnosed using the 12 lead…

Causes of sudden cardiac arrest

…causes of cardiac arrest with a separate category for cardiac etiologies. Cause Definition Medical cause Includes cardiac arrest caused by heart disease, other medical conditions…

Differential Diagnosis of Chest Pain: A Clinical Overview

…indicative of a noncardiac source [4]. 3. Pneumonia with Pleurisy Pain Characteristics: Pleuritic pain is a common presentation [2]. 4. Other Systemic/Local Causes Conditions…

Interpretation of myocardial perfusion images (Myocardial SPECT / PET)

…potentially indicating microvascular dysfunction or other pathologies. The software allows for detailed regional analysis of myocardial perfusion, highlighting specific segments of the left ventricle that…

Overview of the ECG Waves, Deflections, Intervals, Durations

…recovery) of the myocardium and T wave changes occur in numerous conditions. T wave changes are frequently misunderstood. The transition from the ST segment to…

Assessment of the pupillary reflex in cardiac arrest

…Edinger–Westphal nuclei. Parasympathetic fibers (carried by CN III) then prompt sphincter muscles in the iris to constrict the pupil. Under normal conditions, bright light…

Diagnosis and management of supraventricular and ventricular tachyarrhythmias: Narrow complex tachycardia & wide complex tachycardia

…wide complex tachycardia (WCT) . This initial distinction will guide the rest of the thinking needed to arrive at a final diagnosis. Narrow (normal) QRS complexes…

Familial and Genetic Screening in Premature Cardiovascular Disease

…conditions demonstrate autosomal dominant transmission, in which an affected heterozygous individual has a 50% risk of transmitting the relevant variant to each child. However, other…

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