…immediate percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Complications are uncommon, but their clinical spectrum ranges from transient arrhythmias and minor access site bleeding to myocardial infarction, stroke…

…are more prevalent in women. Chronic kidney disease and several other comorbidities also contribute to the disproportionate cardiovascular burden in women. Depression and anxiety are…

…dyslipidaemia, obesity, smoking and other conventional risk factors, together with diabetes specific vascular and metabolic abnormalities. Diabetes is associated with inflammation, thrombosis and accelerated atherosclerosis…

…relevance of withholding specific cardioactive medications during exercise testing (exercise ECG). Indications for exercise stress test Indications have been discussed in Introduction to Exercise ECG…

…the interventions available in BLS, the number needed to treat (NNT) for the ACLS specific interventions is much higher or uncertain, meaning that the efficacy…

…length Large thrombotic burdens increase procedural risk because thrombus can fragment, embolize to other coronary branches or vascular beds, propagate through gaps between stent struts…

…ECG changes and symptoms. Troponins and other biomarkers of myocardial necrosis (infarction) Myocardium can endure 20 to 30 minutes of complete ischemia. After this period…

…be detected for the first time, or develop during acute management. AF is often haemodynamically tolerated and may require no specific acute therapy beyond appropriate…

…to normal blood pressure (normotension). Combination therapy with multiple antihypertensives is often necessary to normalize blood pressure. Management of hypertension requires careful consideration of other…

…NSAIDs). Other contraindications: Hemophilia. Thrombocytopenia. Active gastric or duodenal ulcers. Liver cirrhosis. Severe heart failure. Doses 100 mg/day during the third trimester of pregnancy…