…kidney or liver disease, especially when combined with diuretics (risk of fluid retention and impaired kidney function). Patients with bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease…

…heart disease, diabetes mellitus (both type 1 and type 2), obesity, smoking, obstructive sleep apnea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Moreover, certain other tachyarrhythmias…

…Drowning Airway obstruction Hanging Pneumonia High altitude sickness Aspiration Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Bronchospasm (asthma) Other : Coma Central hypoventilation syndromes Neuromuscular diseases Anemia The…

…be taken at the next regular time. Use with caution in patients with asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Dyspnea has been reported in patients…

…nearly silent chest Very severe airflow obstruction pH below 7.35 with raised pCO₂ Acute or acute on chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure Rapidly falling pH…

…thrombus and other structural features that may not be evident on angiography alone. It is particularly useful when ACS occurs without significant obstructive CAD or…

…available, PET MPI is recommended in individuals with suspected chronic coronary syndrome and a moderate or high pre test likelihood of obstructive coronary artery disease…

…may not be predictably exertional or relieved by rest or nitroglycerine. Symptoms should therefore be described in detail, followed by objective evaluation for obstructive disease,

…or progress to chronic limb threatening ischaemia (CLTI). Clinical presentation and symptoms Asymptomatic and atypical disease Fewer than half of patients with PAD have typical…

…likewise affected by inflammation and other systemic influences. The severity of myocardial injury is determined not only by the epicardial obstruction but also by the…