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Short and long-term prognostication in cardiac arrest

…are mostly due to acute myocardial ischemia or myocardial infarction, and in these cases, the likelihood of ROSC is higher as compared to other etiologies…

Approach to patients with chest pain: differential diagnoses, management & ECG

…to exclude or verify the following potentially life threatening causes of chest pain: Ischemic heart disease : stable angina pectoris, unstable angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction…

Carotid Artery Disease: Screening, Medical Therapy and Revascularisation

…PAD), and other manifestations of systemic atherosclerosis. The principal clinical concern is cerebral embolism or haemodynamic compromise leading to transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or stroke…

Aspirin in Primary Prevention: Current Recommendations

…inflammatory drugs Corticosteroid therapy Other antiplatelet or antithrombotic drugs Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Patient selection Aspirin should not be prescribed routinely to individuals without established…

Atrial Fibrillation in the Critically Ill Patient

…increase the risk of stroke and other thromboembolic events. Subclinical cerebral injury may contribute to vascular dementia, and thromboembolism may affect organs other than the…

Hypertensive Emergency and Urgency: Differentiation and Treatment

…or other vascular beds. Malignant hypertension represents an extreme form in which acute microvascular injury occurs, classically involving fibrinoid necrosis of small arteries in the…

Familial Hypercholesterolaemia: Diagnosis, Cascade Screening and Treatment

…cerebral vascular disease or peripheral vascular disease. A family history of premature myocardial infarction, vascular disease or marked hypercholesterolaemia. Physical findings related to cholesterol deposition…

Hyponatraemia: quick reference for work-up and correction

…management: 1. Does the patient have severe neurological symptoms that may be due to the hyponatraemia? 2. Is the hyponatraemia acute or chronic? Severe symptoms…

Assessment of the pupillary reflex in cardiac arrest

…dilated, light unresponsive pupils are indicative of cerebral anoxia or brain death and constitute an adverse prognostic sign. Notably, the presence of dilated, nonreactive pupils…

Hypertensive crisis: drugs and doses

…intravenous drugs. Such treatment has not been shown to improve the prognosis and can cause hypotension, acute kidney injury, myocardial ischaemia or cerebral hypoperfusion. Pain…

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