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LDL Cholesterol Targets Across Cardiovascular Risk Categories

…it captures triglyceride rich lipoproteins in addition to LDL and other apoB containing particles. Cardiovascular risk categories Primary prevention For adults aged 40–75 years…

Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease

…duration , sex , and genetically influenced effects on the cardiovascular system. Acute exposure produces transient haemodynamic and myocardial effects, whereas sustained heavy consumption is associated with…

Cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)

Cardiology Continous medical discussion: the ECG blog Infectious diseases Cardiovascular effects of COVID 19 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) has caused a global public health…

Cardiovascular Risk Assessment with SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP

…Moderate or severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) Hypertension mediated organ damage (HMOD) Probable or definite familial hypercholesterolaemia Other markedly abnormal single risk factors or genetic…

Familial and Genetic Screening in Premature Cardiovascular Disease

…Familial and genetic screening in cardiovascular medicine is the systematic assessment of relatives and other individuals who may carry an inherited predisposition to cardiovascular disease…

Smoking Cessation: Pharmacotherapy and Cardiovascular Benefit

…where possible, other inhaled nicotine products. In cardiovascular medicine, the objective is not merely to reduce cigarette consumption but to achieve complete abstinence from tobacco…

Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Management

…and amplifies cardiovascular and all cause mortality. The excess risk is mediated by the combined effects of hyperglycaemia, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, obesity, smoking and other conventional…

ApoB and Non-HDL Cholesterol in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment

…C) and other apoB containing lipoproteins in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Atherosclerosis develops through the progressive deposition and retention of LDL C and other apoB…

Cardiovascular Risk in Women: Sex-Specific Factors

…are more prevalent in women. Chronic kidney disease and several other comorbidities also contribute to the disproportionate cardiovascular burden in women. Depression and anxiety are…

Chronic Kidney Disease as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor

…progression risk, increased by proteinuria 3a 45–60 mL/min/1.73 m² Cardiovascular disease or other organ damage may be present Moderate progression risk;…

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