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Factors that modify the natural course in acute myocardial infarction (AMI)

…ischemic zone. Newly formed vessels, which may originate from other branches of the same coronary artery or another coronary artery, will alleviate the ischemia, improve…

ECG manifestations of left main coronary artery (LMCA) occlusion and critical stenosis

…occlusion, likely because most such occlusions result in prehospital cardiac arrest and death. As in other acute coronary events, the thrombotic process is dynamic, with…

Sinoatrial arrest & sinoatrial pause (sinus pause / arrest)

…be normal (QRS duration <0.12 s), because both bundle branches receive the impulse and spread it. If the impulse is discharged distal to the…

Ventricular rhythm and accelerated ventricular rhythm (idioventricular rhythm)

…near the bundle of His, the impulse may be delivered to both bundle branches and subsequently the entire ventricular myocardium normally. This may yield a…

Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…length Large thrombotic burdens increase procedural risk because thrombus can fragment, embolize to other coronary branches or vascular beds, propagate through gaps between stent struts…

Other ECG changes in ischemia and infarction

…of ischemia (but the sensitivity is low). U wave changes always accompany other ischemic ST T changes. They may occur in both NSTEMI and STEMI…

Left bundle branch block (LBBB) in acute myocardial infarction: the Sgarbossa criteria

…To address these challenges, researchers have developed ECG criteria designed to identify ischemia in the presence of left bundle branch block. The most widely recognized…

Brugada Syndrome: Diagnosis & SCD Prevention

Cardiology Introduction Since its initial description in 1992 as a syndrome of right bundle branch block, ST segment elevation, and sudden cardiac death (SCD), Brugada…

Peripheral Artery Disease: Diagnosis, Ankle–Brachial Index and Risk Management

…or arteries supplying the limbs. In adults over 40 years of age, atherosclerosis is the predominant cause. Other mechanisms include thrombosis, embolism, vasculitis, fibromuscular dysplasia…

Fascicular block (hemiblock): Left anterior & left posterior fascicular block

…latter term has been deprecated. The left bundle branch is subdivided into the following two fascicles: (1) the anterior (anterosuperior) fascicle , which delivers the electrical…

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