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Blood Pressure Targets in Older and Frail Adults

Cardiology Clinical medicine Definition and Clinical Context Blood pressure management in older adults must account for chronological age, biological age, frailty, multimorbidity, cognitive status, functional…

Blood gas interpretation: quick reference for acid-base disorders

…and whether the other variable lies within the expected range of compensation. Sample type and baseline values An arterial blood gas is the reference method…

Physics of myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT, PET): Radiotracers, perfusion, blood flow and viability

…radiotracers emit positrons. When a positron collides with an electron, they annihilate each other, producing two gamma photons emitted in opposite directions. PET scanners detect…

Hypertensive crisis: quick reference for acute blood pressure lowering

…interactions, while venlafaxine and higher doses of bupropion, among others, can raise the blood pressure. Serotonin syndrome can also cause autonomic instability and hypertension [4]…

Hypertensive Emergency and Urgency: Differentiation and Treatment

…blood pressure elevation accompanied by acute hypertension mediated target organ damage (HMOD). The European definition uses BP ≥180/110 mmHg with acute HMOD, although other…

Secondary Hypertension: When and How to Investigate

…hypertension is genuinely present Factors that may be contributing to elevated blood pressure Other cardiovascular risk factors and relevant comorbidities Evidence of hypertension mediated organ…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…the COPD exacerbation apart from many other causes of acute dyspnoea: oxygen must be titrated cautiously and the blood gas determines the need for ventilatory…

Cardiac arrest due to hypoxia and asphyxia

CPR Hypoxia and asphyxiation Hypoxia refers to a reduced partial pressure of oxygen in the blood. Asphyxia is characterized by insufficient ventilation, leading to hypoxia…

CME: How dietary fat affects coronary arteries, LDL cholesterol and body weight

…NHLBI initiated the Framingham Heart Study, which demonstrated that high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels, among other risk factors, were strongly associated with coronary…

Resistant Hypertension: Evaluation and Treatment

…office blood pressure must be confirmed using home blood pressure monitoring or ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Other guideline formulations similarly define resistant hypertension as blood…

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