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Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…Akutsjukvård Lathundar Key messages Two things set the COPD exacerbation apart from many other causes of acute dyspnoea: oxygen must be titrated cautiously and the…

Familial and Genetic Screening in Premature Cardiovascular Disease

…Familial and genetic screening in cardiovascular medicine is the systematic assessment of relatives and other individuals who may carry an inherited predisposition to cardiovascular disease…

Secondary Hypertension: When and How to Investigate

…newly diagnosed or referred hypertension, with particular vigilance when the clinical history includes hypokalaemia. Endocrine disorders account for many secondary forms. Primary hyperaldosteronism is identified…

Smoking Cessation: Pharmacotherapy and Cardiovascular Benefit

…with avoidance of second hand smoke and, where possible, other inhaled nicotine products. In cardiovascular medicine, the objective is not merely to reduce cigarette consumption…

Pericardial Effusion & Cardiac tamponade

…clinical examination, blood tests and other radiological examinations are most often required, in particular computed tomography (DT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Anatomy of…

Pericarditis, myocarditis & perimyocarditis: ECG, criteria & treatment

…However, it is often difficult to differentiate pericarditis and myocarditis, and they tend to accompany each other. Therefore, the term perimyocarditis is often used in…

Hypertensive crisis: drugs and doses

…organ damage. Isolated malignant retinopathy without other acute organ damage can often be treated more cautiously with oral drugs under careful observation [3,4]. A…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…pregnant women, patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation and patients treated with CAR T cells or other advanced immunotherapies may require separate local protocols. Definition…

Unstable Angina: Definition and Contemporary Management

…acute coronary syndromes are commonly related to atherothrombotic events, myocardial ischaemia may also result from other mechanisms. Differential diagnoses and alternative causes of troponin release…

Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…other central disease Neurological examination, gait and truncal stability, often MRI Episodic triggered vestibular syndrome Brief attacks, usually lasting seconds, reproducibly triggered by a particular…

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