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Acute coronary syndrome: quick reference for loading doses and time targets

…dangerous differential diagnoses [1,2]. STEMI and other ECG patterns suggesting acute coronary occlusion are time dependent conditions. The decision on immediate reperfusion is based…

Complete Versus Culprit-Only Revascularization in Acute Coronary Syndrome

…flow limiting disease may continue to cause ischaemia, recurrent symptoms, myocardial infarction, or other major adverse cardiovascular events. Complete revascularization is therefore considered an important…

Colchicine and Anti-inflammatory Therapy in Coronary Disease

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Pharmacology & dosing Definition and pathophysiology Atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndromes have important inflammatory components. Inflammation contributes to atherothrombosis through activation of…

De-escalation and Shortened Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients at High Bleeding Risk

…In the setting of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), DAPT is used to reduce recurrent myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis and other ischemic events after coronary angiography…

In-Stent Restenosis: Mechanisms and Treatment

…to recurrent angina caused by disease in the treated segment. The clinical implications range from asymptomatic angiographic disease to chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), acute coronary…

Unstable Angina: Definition and Contemporary Management

…or process. Although Type 1 MI and acute coronary syndromes are commonly related to atherothrombotic events, myocardial ischaemia may also result from other mechanisms. Differential…

Antiplatelet Therapy in Secondary Prevention After Myocardial Infarction

…coronary or other atherosclerotic vascular disease. Antiplatelet therapy is a central component because platelet activation and aggregation contribute importantly to arterial thrombus formation, recurrent coronary…

Immediate Management of Type A and Type B Aortic Dissection

…lower limb ischaemia Paraplegia or paraparesis Persistent or recurrent pain Hypertension that remains uncontrolled despite optimal therapy Acute type A dissection has a particularly rapid…

Smoking Cessation: Pharmacotherapy and Cardiovascular Benefit

…with avoidance of second hand smoke and, where possible, other inhaled nicotine products. In cardiovascular medicine, the objective is not merely to reduce cigarette consumption…

NSTEMI: Risk Stratification and Timing of the Invasive Strategy

…risk and should influence the urgency of management: Recurrent or ongoing chest pain despite medical treatment Acute heart failure presumed to result from ongoing myocardial…

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