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Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Risk Stratification and Reperfusion

…prognostic evaluation using two complementary domains: Indicators of acute PE severity , including clinical findings, RV dysfunction on imaging, and myocardial injury shown by laboratory testing…

ST segment depression in myocardial ischemia and differential diagnoses

…ECG finding is the ST segment depressions. In STE ACS, on the other hand, the ST segment depressions are secondary findings and the primary findings…

Interpretation of myocardial perfusion images (Myocardial SPECT / PET)

…perfusion differences. Perfusion assessment The assessment of myocardial regions in myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is based on principles similar to those used in echocardiography. The…

Heart Failure With Mildly Reduced Ejection Fraction

…Evidence such as increased left atrial size, left ventricular hypertrophy or abnormal LV filling supports the diagnosis Unlike HFpEF, objective evidence of structural or functional…

Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias: from automaticity to re-entry (reentry)

…the sinoatrial node) is a common finding in athletes and during sleep; in these scenarios, it should not be considered abnormal. On the other hand…

The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…infarction Definition and pathophysiology Myocardial infarction (MI) is a clinical diagnosis that integrates myocardial injury, evidence of acute myocardial ischaemia, electrocardiographic findings, cardiac biomarkers, imaging…

Atrial Fibrillation in the Critically Ill Patient

…inversion can occur without coronary artery disease. Proposed explanations in the source material include cardiac memory after abnormal ventricular activation, transient rate related conduction abnormalities…

Assessment of the pupillary reflex in cardiac arrest

…evaluated. The findings were as follows: The absence of a pupillary reflex demonstrated a sensitivity of 72.2% for predicting an unfavorable neurological outcome, indicating…

Sinus bradycardia: definitions, ECG, causes and management

…This is also a normal finding. Abnormal (pathological) causes of sinus bradycardia In all other situations, sinus bradycardia should be regarded as a pathological finding…

Other ECG changes in ischemia and infarction

…V6. Refer to Figure 1 . Abnormal R wave progression implies that the gradual increase from V1 to V5 is absent. It may be broken, as…

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