Articles & courses

ArticlesShow all 223
ST segment depression in myocardial ischemia and differential diagnoses

…on the other hand, the ST segment depressions are secondary findings and the primary findings are the ST segment elevations. As explained in the previous…

Atrial Fibrillation in the Critically Ill Patient

…and other thromboembolic events. Subclinical cerebral injury may contribute to vascular dementia, and thromboembolism may affect organs other than the brain. Patients with AF in…

Assessment of the pupillary reflex in cardiac arrest

…120 seconds of cardiac arrest and light reactivity is lost when cerebral blood flow ceases. In other words, during prolonged cardiac arrest without effective perfusion…

Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Risk Stratification and Reperfusion

…either RV dysfunction or elevated biomarkers, or neither of these abnormalities in the presence of abnormal clinical risk assessment. Low risk PE is characterized by…

The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…except in type 2 and type 3 MI. A diagnosis of MI should not be made solely from an abnormal cTn concentration in the absence…

Interpretation of myocardial perfusion images (Myocardial SPECT / PET)

…and age, to identify deviations from normal values. This enhances the ability to detect subtle perfusion defects and differentiate between normal and abnormal patterns. Reverse…

Sinus bradycardia: definitions, ECG, causes and management

…This is also a normal finding. Abnormal (pathological) causes of sinus bradycardia In all other situations, sinus bradycardia should be regarded as a pathological finding…

Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias: from automaticity to re-entry (reentry)

…the sinoatrial node) is a common finding in athletes and during sleep; in these scenarios, it should not be considered abnormal. On the other hand…

Heart Failure With Mildly Reduced Ejection Fraction

…than in HFpEF. The clinical population is heterogeneous because the HFmrEF range includes both patients with recovering systolic function and those with deterioration from a…

Other ECG changes in ischemia and infarction

…1 . Abnormal R wave progression implies that the gradual increase from V1 to V5 is absent. It may be broken, as in Figure 1 . Any…

Media

No matches.

Tests

Tools