…V6. Refer to Figure 1 . Abnormal R wave progression implies that the gradual increase from V1 to V5 is absent. It may be broken, as…

…abnormal vasoconstriction of one or more coronary arteries. Epicardial spasm produces a reversible functional occlusion and usually causes transmural ischaemia. The resulting abnormalities in left…

…factor for developing atrial fibrillation is age. Other significant risk factors are as follows: male sex, hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, left ventricular dysfunction, valve disease…

…the liver are the prothrombin time (INR) , the albumin and the bilirubin — and they become abnormal late. A cirrhotic liver can have entirely normal transaminases…

…Moderate or severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) Hypertension mediated organ damage (HMOD) Probable or definite familial hypercholesterolaemia Other markedly abnormal single risk factors or genetic…

…8% Interpretation of ATRIA risk score. Comparison with other bleeding risk models Several bleeding risk assessment tools exist for patients with AF, including HAS BLED…

…anticoagulation, and possible reperfusion. The principal pathophysiological determinant of early adverse outcome is acute RV failure. In acute PE, obstruction of pulmonary blood flow increases…

…inversion can occur without coronary artery disease. Proposed explanations in the source material include cardiac memory after abnormal ventricular activation, transient rate related conduction abnormalities…

…ventricular arrhythmias, impaired left ventricular function, myocardial stunning, and sudden cardiac death. It may also be associated with early death after cardiac transplantation. Myocardial bridging…

…of the sinoatrial (SA) node. This enhanced atrial activity is most commonly attributable to abnormal automaticity or re entry mechanisms; triggered activity is a less…