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Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…above the 99th percentile upper reference limit (URL). The injury is considered acute if there is a documented rise and/or fall of cTn values…

The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…subepicardium over several hours. The extent and tempo of injury are influenced by collateral flow, myocardial oxygen consumption, and intermittent occlusion with reperfusion. Prompt reperfusion…

Acute Limb Ischaemia: Recognition and Urgent Management

…limb ischaemia (ALI) is an abrupt reduction in arterial perfusion of an upper or lower limb that causes tissue metabolic requirements to exceed available blood…

Coronary Artery Disease

…pectoris : Symptoms appear primarily during exercise or other situations with increased myocardial load. Symptoms are exacerbated by increasing the level of exertion ( i.e increasing…

Stable Coronary Artery Disease (Angina Pectoris): Diagnosis, Evaluation, Management

…pectoris : Symptoms appear primarily during exercise or other situations with increased myocardial load. Symptoms are exacerbated by increasing the level of exertion ( i.e increasing…

Peripheral Artery Disease: Diagnosis, Ankle–Brachial Index and Risk Management

…Asymptomatic and atypical disease Fewer than half of patients with PAD have typical symptoms. Many have impaired walking or a slow gait without describing classic…

Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Cardiac troponins, ECG & Symptoms

…causing microvascular embolization (i.e occluding smaller vessels downstream). The thrombosis causes occlusion of the artery; blood flow may be partially or completely obstructed. Consequently…

Periprocedural Myocardial Infarction After PCI and CABG

…Coronary dissection with obstruction of the true lumen Occlusion of a major epicardial artery or bypass graft Side branch occlusion or thrombus Disruption of collateral…

Non-ST Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) and Unstable Angina

…linking). Concurrent activation of the coagulation cascade leads to thrombin generation and fibrin deposition, culminating in a partially or fully occlusive intraluminal thrombus [5] . ACS…

ECG manifestations of left main coronary artery (LMCA) occlusion and critical stenosis

…or sudden cardiac death. The resulting extensive ischemia causes immediate myocardial stunning (akinesia) and electrical instability. Fewer than 1% of patients with ST elevation myocardial…

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