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Peripheral Artery Disease: Diagnosis, Ankle–Brachial Index and Risk Management

…PAD) is a clinical disorder caused by stenosis or occlusion of the aorta or arteries supplying the limbs. In adults over 40 years of age…

Acute Limb Ischaemia: Recognition and Urgent Management

…Clinical presentation and symptoms Symptoms commonly develop rapidly, often within an hour of arterial occlusion. The classic clinical constellation is remembered as the “six Ps…

The T-wave: physiology, variants and ECG features

…Their duration is short; they typically disappear within minutes after a total occlusion in a coronary artery occurs (then of course, the ST segment will…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

…zone. Coronary Occlusion and Myocardial Injury STEMI generally results from abrupt reduction in coronary blood flow caused by thrombotic occlusion of a previously atherosclerotic artery…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and Electrocardiographic Criteria

…central portion of the chest or the epigastrium and occasionally radiates to the arms. Less common sites of radiation include the abdomen, back, lower jaw…

The left ventricle in myocardial ischemia and infarction

…also supplies the inferior left ventricular wall in over 90% of all individuals. Hence, a proximal occlusion (in the RCA) which cuts off blood flow…

STEMI (ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction): Diagnosis, ECG, Criteria, and Management

…involve partial occlusions, resulting in subendocardial ischemia and comparatively milder symptoms. For the same reason, patients with STEMI are at higher risk of life threatening…

ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and ECG Criteria

…elevation, or an equivalent electrocardiographic pattern, suggesting acute coronary occlusion. Most patients with this working diagnosis subsequently develop myocardial necrosis and cardiac troponin elevation, although…

Atrial fibrillation: ECG, classification, causes, risk factors & management

…than 50 years of age. The overall prevalence in a Western population is 1.0% to 1.5%. The crude prevalence is lower in non…

Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease

…or at least four drinks for women or five for men on one occasion. Pharmacokinetics and pathophysiology Approximately 95% of ingested ethanol undergoes hepatic metabolism…

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