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Peripheral Artery Disease: Diagnosis, Ankle–Brachial Index and Risk Management

…Clinical medicine Definition and pathophysiology Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a clinical disorder caused by stenosis or occlusion of the aorta or arteries supplying the…

Acute Limb Ischaemia: Recognition and Urgent Management

…by rhabdomyolysis, with potential renal failure and increased mortality. Clinical presentation and symptoms Symptoms commonly develop rapidly, often within an hour of arterial occlusion. The…

The left ventricle in myocardial ischemia and infarction

…the right coronary artery (RCA). The RCA also supplies the inferior left ventricular wall in over 90% of all individuals. Hence, a proximal occlusion (in…

The T-wave: physiology, variants and ECG features

…Their duration is short; they typically disappear within minutes after a total occlusion in a coronary artery occurs (then of course, the ST segment will…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

…zone. Coronary Occlusion and Myocardial Injury STEMI generally results from abrupt reduction in coronary blood flow caused by thrombotic occlusion of a previously atherosclerotic artery…

STEMI (ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction): Diagnosis, ECG, Criteria, and Management

…involve partial occlusions, resulting in subendocardial ischemia and comparatively milder symptoms. For the same reason, patients with STEMI are at higher risk of life threatening…

ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and ECG Criteria

…with an initial STEMI pattern has myocardial infarction as the final diagnosis. The underlying process usually involves acute thrombotic obstruction of an epicardial coronary artery…

Atrial fibrillation: ECG, classification, causes, risk factors & management

…mortality and improve quality of life. These approaches are discussed further below. Symptoms of atrial fibrillation Approximately 25% of all individuals with atrial fibrillation are…

Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease

…heavy consumption is associated with hypertension, coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, heart failure and alcohol related cardiomyopathy. The cardiovascular implications of lower alcohol intake remain controversial…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and Electrocardiographic Criteria

…unexplained drop in arterial pressure. Silent or unrecognized infarction occurs more often in patients without antecedent angina and in those with diabetes and hypertension. Of

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