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Peripheral Artery Disease: Diagnosis, Ankle–Brachial Index and Risk Management

…Clinical medicine Definition and pathophysiology Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a clinical disorder caused by stenosis or occlusion of the aorta or arteries supplying the…

Acute Limb Ischaemia: Recognition and Urgent Management

…thrombosis of a graft or aneurysm, popliteal artery entrapment, trauma, phlegmasia cerulea dolens, ergotism, hypercoagulable states or iatrogenic vascular injury. Acute occlusion may also occur…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

…zone. Coronary Occlusion and Myocardial Injury STEMI generally results from abrupt reduction in coronary blood flow caused by thrombotic occlusion of a previously atherosclerotic artery…

The T-wave: physiology, variants and ECG features

…Their duration is short; they typically disappear within minutes after a total occlusion in a coronary artery occurs (then of course, the ST segment will…

The left ventricle in myocardial ischemia and infarction

…the right coronary artery (RCA). The RCA also supplies the inferior left ventricular wall in over 90% of all individuals. Hence, a proximal occlusion (in…

STEMI (ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction): Diagnosis, ECG, Criteria, and Management

…greater extent of ischemia present in STEMI. In STEMI, a complete coronary artery occlusion leads to transmural ischemia, affecting a larger portion of the myocardium…

ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and ECG Criteria

…myocardial infarction as the final diagnosis. The underlying process usually involves acute thrombotic obstruction of an epicardial coronary artery. A vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque and thrombogenic…

Atrial fibrillation: ECG, classification, causes, risk factors & management

…than 50 years of age. The overall prevalence in a Western population is 1.0% to 1.5%. The crude prevalence is lower in non…

Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease

…associated with hypertension, coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, heart failure and alcohol related cardiomyopathy. The cardiovascular implications of lower alcohol intake remain controversial. Epidemiological studies have…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and Electrocardiographic Criteria

…central portion of the chest or the epigastrium and occasionally radiates to the arms. Less common sites of radiation include the abdomen, back, lower jaw…

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