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Vulnerable Plaque and Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Occlusion

…and spotty calcification. However, the concept has important limitations. Although thin capped fibroatheromas may have imaging characteristics associated with rupture, fewer than 5% of such…

Biventricular hypertrophy ECG and clinical characteristics

…This is because the strong and oppositely directed forces tend to cancel each other out. However, the ECG may show features characteristic of biventricular hypertrophy…

Preeclampsia and Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders as Future Cardiovascular Risk

…fms like tyrosine kinase 1/placental growth factor ratio ≥40 is associated with increased risk of preeclampsia with severe features during the subsequent two weeks…

Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis from Fatty Streak to Plaque Rupture

…foam cells and macrophages; a thin fibrous cap; positive remodelling; neovascularization; intraplaque haemorrhage; adventitial inflammation; spotty calcification. Nevertheless, the presence of these features does not…

Invasive Coronary Angiography: Indications and Vascular Access

…multiple angiographic projections. Although traditionally regarded as an anatomical examination, contemporary ICA can provide complementary functional and structural information. Coronary pressure measurements permit assessment of…

Left Ventricular Thrombus After Myocardial Infarction

…or reinfarction. Ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Features suggesting systemic embolization. In patients with recurrent chest pain and hemodynamic compromise after MI, mechanical complications should be considered. Transthoracic…

Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Diagnosis and Treatment

…CKD), and multiple non cardiovascular conditions are frequent features. A proposed disease pathway involves systemic and coronary microvascular endothelial inflammation associated with comorbidities. This may…

A new ECG biomarker for sudden cardiac death

…death, and among those who did, only a minority had a reduced value — the majority of sudden cardiac deaths occur in patients with preserved LVEF…

Sinoatrial block (SA block): ECG criteria, causes and clinical features

…the surface ECG. Intracardiac electrodes – with the placement of electrodes against the sinoatrial node – are necessary to diagnose first and third degree sinoatrial block. However…

Acquired QT Prolongation and Drug-Induced Arrhythmia

…men and 460 ms for women. While there is no absolute QTc threshold at which TdP occurs, a QTc ≥ 500 ms is associated with a…

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