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Acquired QT Prolongation and Drug-Induced Arrhythmia

…TdP). Drug induced LQTS and TdP represent a multifactorial clinical entity that typically emerges when multiple modifiable and non modifiable risk factors converge. The electrophysiological…

Torsades de Pointes: Definition, Characteristics, and Management

…both modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. Modifiable risk factors include electrolyte abnormalities such as hypokalemia, the co administration of multiple QT prolonging medications, and drug…

Invasive Coronary Angiography: Indications and Vascular Access

…coronary ostia, and acquiring multiple angiographic projections. Although traditionally regarded as an anatomical examination, contemporary ICA can provide complementary functional and structural information. Coronary pressure…

Preeclampsia and Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders as Future Cardiovascular Risk

…and multiple organ failure. In the absence of treatment, approximately 1 in 100 cases of preeclampsia may progress to eclampsia. Clinical presentation and symptoms The…

Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Outcomes

…processing, additives and cooking methods may also contribute. The cardioprotective effect is therefore likely to result from the cumulative influence of multiple modest dietary changes…

Vulnerable Plaque and Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Occlusion

…considers both the plaque and the patient. Multiple potentially high risk plaques may exist throughout the coronary tree, while inflammation and thrombotic susceptibility are often…

Biventricular hypertrophy ECG and clinical characteristics

…6 mm) Large RS complexes in multiple leads P pulmonale Figure 1. ECG changes seen in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH)…

Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Diagnosis and Treatment

…CKD), and multiple non cardiovascular conditions are frequent features. A proposed disease pathway involves systemic and coronary microvascular endothelial inflammation associated with comorbidities. This may…

Vasospastic (Prinzmetal) Angina: Provocation Testing and Treatment

…coronary syndromes. Cigarette smoking is a prominent association, whereas other conventional coronary risk factors may be absent. The condition is more prevalent in Japan and…

Digoxin: Dosing, Therapeutic Range and Toxicity Management

…manifests across multiple organ systems. Non cardiac symptoms include headache, nausea, vomiting, generalized malaise, and visual disturbances such as altered color perception and halo vision…

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