…intravenous access, fluid and early contact with anaesthesia or intensive care Refractory anaphylaxis Persisting airway, respiratory or circulatory compromise despite two adequate intramuscular doses of…

…dose of an intravenous antiseizure drug If the seizure continues after adequate step 1 and step 2 Refractory status: contact anaesthesia, intensive care and neurology…

…does not convert atrial flutter to sinus rhythm. Vernakalant is only administered in a monitored clinical setting appropriate for cardioversion. Administration of vernakalant Vernakalant (Brinavess)…

…symptoms, a 12 lead ECG, heart rate and blood pressure are monitored. The test is generally symptom limited and is stopped when limiting symptoms, significant…

…infection, trauma and metabolic disturbance. 4. Monitoring at the appropriate level of care , with readiness for respiratory support. 5. Treatment of the alcohol use disorder…

…required. The rationale for electrical therapy over drugs is that, under monitored conditions, a controlled "dose" of electricity can immediately and safely restore sinus rhythm…

…be counteracted with simultaneous administration of norepinephrine. All patients with severe acute heart failure who receive levosimendan should be monitored invasively (e.g. arterial line…

…creatinine, acid–base status and signs of myocardial ischaemia must be monitored during treatment [4,6]. Important exceptions Condition Overall strategy Common first choices : : : Acute…

…depression; monitor it. Naloxone is titrated to spontaneous breathing, not to wakefulness. It has a short half life, and the patient must be monitored afterwards…

…with ticagrelor. The mechanism is unclear. Kidney function should be monitored according to clinical practice. Special attention should be given to patients ≥ 75 years, those…

…When managing albuminuria or CKD, the serum creatinine and potassium should be monitored while increasing to the maximum tolerated dose. A rise in the serum…

…and potential adverse effects, consideration should be given to initiating therapy with the patient hospitalized and monitored for at least several days. Intravenous Loading For…

…and severe bradycardia. Patients should be monitored for arrhythmias and QT prolongation with each dose adjustment, typically waiting 2 to 3 days to attain a…

…previous angina. Patients should be advised to seek emergency medical assistance rather than self presenting to an emergency department or contacting primary care first. If…

…and defibrillate. Watanabe et al studied 132 patients who unexpectedly experienced sudden cardiac arrest while being monitored with Holter ECG (the indications were palpitations, chest…

…There are currently several large registries monitoring resuscitation practices. Some data sources also monitor sudden cardiac arrest. The EuReCA registry includes resuscitation data from 27…

…risk factors is to obtain estimates of risk, tailor management according to the risk and monitor risk prospectively. Strong risk factors serve as useful predictors…

…high risk of hypoglycaemia 8–12 mmol/L The critically ill patient in intensive care According to the local protocol Avoid tight targets in inpatients…

…possible dose, avoiding prolonged use (<2 3 days), and monitor the patient closely to avoid cyanide toxicity. • Dose dependent reduction in coronary and renal perfusion. …

…rates compared to those with low scores. Monitor Quality of Care : By providing an objective measure of CAD complexity, the SYNTAX Score helps standardize treatment…

…monitor and manage neurological injuries, hemodynamic and respiratory instability, multiorgan failure, infections, seizures and temperature management. The ICU is the preferred level of care for…

…to equipment and competence for advanced life support in the room. Two people: one who injects and monitors, one who assesses and documents muscle function…

…renal excretion, increasing plasma levels. Monitor levels and adjust doses as needed. Valproic acid: Acetylsalicylic acid may reduce valproate binding to serum albumin, increasing free…

…complications). Monitoring disease progression By periodically recalculating the SCD risk, clinicians can monitor changes in a patient's condition over time. For instance, an increase…

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology Critical care Pharmacology & dosing Definition and Pathophysiology Bradycardia and conduction disorders arise from dysfunction within the sinus node, the atrioventricular node (AVN…