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Cardiovascular Risk in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disease

…and autoimmune diseases are immune mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) that include rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis, spondyloarthropathies, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis, vasculitides, mixed…

Blood gas interpretation: quick reference for acid-base disorders

…in the same order every time. Skipping a step is a common reason why mixed acid base disorders are missed. The blood gas describes the…

Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state: quick reference

…mmol/L Stupor or coma may occur Mixed picture of DKA and HHS Overlap is common. Treat as mixed DKA and HHS if the patient…

Cardiac thromboembolism: cardiac sources of embolism

…further divided into the following categories: Lacunar stroke or lacunar infarct (occlusion of small penetrating arteries) : This is the most common type of ischaemic stroke…

Ivabradine: Indications, Dosing and Heart-Rate Targets

…sinoatrial node pacemaker cells. This current is a mixed inward Na⁺/K⁺ current activated by hyperpolarisation and contributes to spontaneous diastolic depolarisation. By inhibiting the…

Liver parameters

…autoimmune hepatitis, ischaemic hepatitis, steatohepatitis Cholestatic ALP and GGT ↑↑, bilirubin ↑ Gallstones, stricture, tumour, primary biliary cholangitis, drugs Mixed Both raised Drug induced liver…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…Contact the centre early in serious, unusual or unclear poisoning, with modified release preparations, mixed poisoning, pregnancy, children, a need for an antidote or dialysis…

🟠 Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity

…most major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) severe ARISTADA ARIPIPRAZOLE LAUROXIL aripiprazole lauroxil Mixed wp less hypotension/ tachycardia mild Signifor LAR PASIREOTIDE PASIREOTIDE Arrhythmia wp most…

🟠 Ticagrelor (Brilinta, Brilique)

…rare cases, TTP has been reported with ticagrelor treatment. TTP is characterized by thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia associated with neurological findings, renal failure, or…

Vasovagal Syncope: Diagnosis, Tilt Testing and Treatment

…paradoxical vasodilation with hypotension occur, often accompanied by bradycardia. Most cases involve a mixed response of both hypotension and bradycardia. However, some patients exhibit a…

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