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Blood gas interpretation: quick reference for acid-base disorders

…Skipping a step is a common reason why mixed acid base disorders are missed. The blood gas describes the physiology at the moment of sampling…

Vasovagal Syncope: Diagnosis, Tilt Testing and Treatment

…paradoxical vasodilation with hypotension occur, often accompanied by bradycardia. Most cases involve a mixed response of both hypotension and bradycardia. However, some patients exhibit a…

Cardiovascular Risk in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disease

…vasculitides, mixed connective tissue disease, myositis, Sjögren syndrome, gout and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Collectively, these disorders are associated with excess cardiovascular disease (CVD), although the…

Ivabradine: Indications, Dosing and Heart-Rate Targets

…current is a mixed inward Na⁺/K⁺ current activated by hyperpolarisation and contributes to spontaneous diastolic depolarisation. By inhibiting the intracellular portion of its transmembrane…

Liver parameters

…upper limit of normal). An R 5 indicates hepatocellular injury, R < 2 cholestatic injury, and 2–5 a mixed pattern. Orders of magnitude that…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…Contact the centre early in serious, unusual or unclear poisoning, with modified release preparations, mixed poisoning, pregnancy, children, a need for an antidote or dialysis…

🟠 Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity

…Cardiotoxicity Label Section DICT Concern Cardiac side effects Severity of cardiotoxicity Hyaluronic Acid HYALURONIC ACID HYALURONIC ACID NA no no ZYPREXA Relprevv OLANZAPINE PAMOATE Olanzapine…

🟠 Ticagrelor (Brilinta, Brilique)

…who cannot swallow the tablets whole, they can be crushed, mixed in half a glass of water, and consumed immediately. The mixture can also be…

Delirium in older adults: quick reference

…Delirium is common but often missed. On medical and geriatric wards a substantial proportion of older patients are affected, and the incidence is particularly high…

Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state: quick reference

…if blood ketones are unavailable Blood ketones < 3.0 mmol/L Acid–base Venous pH < 7.3 and/or bicarbonate < 18 mmol…

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