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Chronic Coronary Syndrome: Diagnosis and Initial Evaluation

…coronary microcirculation. These abnormalities may produce a transient mismatch between myocardial oxygen demand and coronary blood supply, resulting in myocardial hypoperfusion or ischaemia. Ischaemia is…

Type 2 Myocardial Infarction: Mechanisms and Management

…Type 2 myocardial infarction (MI) is defined as an ischaemic myocardial injury occurring in the context of a mismatch between myocardial oxygen supply and demand…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction: lack of oxygen or imbalance between supply/demand

…of cardiology textbooks still teach that ischemia is the result of a mismatch (imbalance) between oxygen supply and oxygen demand, as illustrated in Figure 2…

Acute stroke and thrombolysis: quick reference

…which symptoms are disabling. 6. Measure the blood pressure, initially in both arms if this can be done without losing time. 7. Perform urgent CT…

Myocardial Perfusion Imaging With SPECT and PET

…positron emission tomography (PET) is a radionuclide based method for assessing regional myocardial blood flow, inducible ischaemia, myocardial scar, ventricular function, and, in selected circumstances…

Vulnerable Plaque and Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Occlusion

…cardiac or non cardiac origin. Oxygen supply–demand mismatch, including demand related events in the presence of fixed coronary disease. More than one mechanism may…

Acute Coronary Syndrome: Definitions and Initial Triage

…the coronary arteries or coronary microcirculation. These abnormalities can produce a transient and reversible mismatch between myocardial oxygen demand and blood supply, generally during exertion…

Atrial and ventricular enlargement: hypertrophy and dilatation on ECG

…it difficult for blood to flow from the ventricle to the aorta). Hypertension and aortic stenosis result in increased afterload. ECG changes in hypertrophy and…

Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries: Causes, Work-up and Management

…concept Myocardial infarction with non obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) describes a clinical presentation in which the patient has symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndrome (ACS)…

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