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🟠 Nitroprusside

…thiocyanate and cyanide toxicity . Nitroprusside is metabolized to cyanide. Cyanid toxicity may be fatal (should be suspected if patient develops altered mental status and lactic…

Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection

…changes occur. Hypertension and oestrogen exposure. Emotional or chronic mental stress. Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), which may produce arterial wall abnormalities and intramural haematomas. Inherited connective…

Sepsis and septic shock: quick reference for the first hour

…lactate, two sets of blood cultures, and a culture from the likely focus 0 to 15 min Ringer's acetate for hypotension or hypoperfusion, usually…

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding: quick reference

…Give small boluses, for example 250 to 500 mL, with immediate reassessment of the blood pressure, pulse, peripheral perfusion, mental state and chest findings. Avoid

Acquired QT Prolongation and Drug-Induced Arrhythmia

…severe mental illness (SMI) receiving antipsychotic therapy, sinus tachycardia is common, and symptoms may reflect underlying arrhythmia or sudden cardiac death (SCD). Evaluation and Physical…

Diuretic Strategy and Decongestion in Heart Failure

…by increased right atrial and right ventricular pressures with systemic congestion. Interventricular dependence may impair left ventricular filling and reduce systemic output. In this setting…

Indications and contraindications for myocardial perfusion imaging

…whether dysfunctional myocardium or myocardium supplied by a diseased vessel, is viable and could benefit from revascularization. Evaluating the success of revascularization : Myocardial perfusion imaging…

Drug-Eluting Coronary Stents: Evolution, Evidence and Stent Choice

…down dissection flaps, counteracted elastic recoil, reduced emergency vessel closure and decreased the need for emergency CABG. Metal only stents, now termed BMS, reduced restenosis…

In-Stent Restenosis: Mechanisms and Treatment

…frequent cause of PCI failure, despite its substantially lower incidence with drug eluting stents (DES) than with bare metal stents (BMS). Clinical ISR is generally…

Physics of ultrasound

…water, metal, or tissue and fluids in the human body. Sound waves arise when a sound source generates mechanical vibrations in the particles of the…

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