Cardiology Pharmacology & dosing Definition and Therapeutic Rationale Hypertension is a major risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and contributes to microvascular and macrovascular complications. It…

…of the arterial wall. It is characterized by the subendothelial accumulation of apolipoprotein B containing lipoproteins, macrophage infiltration, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and extracellular matrix…

…vascular smooth muscle, endothelial cells, macrophages, neurons and other tissues. This distribution helps explain why PA produces cardiovascular injury beyond its effects on blood pressure…

…coronary occlusion. Plaque rupture typically involves a thin, collagen poor fibrous cap overlying a large lipid core with many macrophages, resulting in a red, fibrin…

…and thrombosis. Typical features include a lipid rich core, a thin fibrous cap, macrophage and foam cell accumulation, expansive or positive remodelling, neovascularization, plaque haemorrhage…

…is a highly toxic, pro thrombotic milieu composed of extracellular cholesterol crystals, apoptotic and necrotic macrophage debris, and abundant tissue factor [9] . The transition from…

…cells within the arterial intima. Monocytes enter the intima, differentiate into macrophages and participate in a sustained inflammatory response. Lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and immune…

…process compared with BMS. Neoatherosclerosis Neoatherosclerosis is a later pathological process in which lipid laden foamy macrophages accumulate within the neointima. It may be accompanied…

…smooth muscle cells, reducing cytokines like IL 6 and TNF α. 11 Plaque Stability: By reducing macrophage infiltration and inhibiting foam cell formation, they stabiliz

…changes. Causes of prolonged QTc duration Antiarrhythmics (procainamide, disopyramide, amiodarone, sotalol) Psychiatric medications (tricyclic antidepressants, SSRI, lithium etc) Antibiotics (macrolides, kinolones, atovaquone, klorokine, amantadine, foscarnet…