…Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major independent risk factor for thromboembolism, including ischaemic stroke. This risk applies across the clinical patterns of AF—paroxysmal, persistent…

…As for any long standing tachycardia, there is a risk of developing tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy. In pediatric populations, a distinct form of atrial tachycardia may…

…Collateral circulation develops in ischemic myocardium because longstanding ischemia causes the myocardium to secrete growth factors (particularly VEGF [vascular endothelial growth factor]) which stimulate nearby…

…coronary occlusion (ACO). Acute Coronary Syndromes The longstanding classification of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) into ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non ST segment elevation…

…coronary and renal perfusion, particularly in patients with long standing hypertension and a rightward shifted autoregulation [1,3]. The term hypertensive urgency is best avoided…