…cardiac injury syndrome (PCIS). PCIS is an umbrella term that also includes post pericardiotomy syndrome and post traumatic pericarditis, including cases related to cardiovascular interventions…

…Cardiac tumors are rare. They can occur anywhere in the heart or surrounding tissue. Tumors can be localized in the myocardium, pericardium, perivalvular (adjacent to…

…depending on the underlying etiology. Pulmonary stenosis can be valvular (i.e stenosis localized in the valve), subvalvular (stenosis proximal to the valve) or supravalvular…

…plaque that penetrates through the internal elastic lamina into the media. The lesion may produce a localized medial haematoma and can progress to IMH, pseudoaneurysm…

…2], [5]. Localization: While often retrosternal, the pain may be localized to the left anterior chest and can radiate to the neck, shoulders, and arms…

…require intervention. In most cases, the conduction delay is localized to the atrioventricular node. ECG examples of first degree atrioventricular block (AV block 1). Click…

…ventricle in the thorax. It is localized immediately behind the sternum and thus is the most anteriorly located part of the heart. The right ventricle…

…severe chest pain, dyspnea and occasionally hemodynamic compromise. The ECG shows localized ST segment elevations, T wave inversions and occasionally pathological Q waves. Troponin levels…

…Angioedema Angioedema secondary to ACE inhibitor therapy occurs in approximately 1% of patients. It manifests as localized, transient swelling of the subcutaneous or submucosal tissues…

…by eruptive, dense nodular calcifications that break through the intimal layer, provoking localized thrombosis. This is predominantly observed in older patients with heavily calcified, tortuous…

…effusion. Regarding the location, an effusion may be general (circumferential) or localized to a specific area. The effusion itself may consist of serous fluid (transudate)…

ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction Using the ECG to localize myocardial infarction and the coronary occlusion Determining the localization of myocardial infarction and ischemia, as…

…and pathological Q waves occur in the same leads, which is why pathological Q waves can be used to localize the infarct area. Figure 1…

…Isolated urticaria, localised angio oedema or itching without compromise of the airway, breathing or circulation is usually an allergic reaction but not in itself anaphylaxis…