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Post-Infarction Pericarditis and Dressler Syndrome

…cardiac injury syndrome (PCIS). PCIS is an umbrella term that also includes post pericardiotomy syndrome and post traumatic pericarditis, including cases related to cardiovascular interventions…

Cardiac tumors

…myxomas are localized in the left atrium (most of them originate from the atrial septum). In 15 20% of cases, the tumor is localized in…

Pulmonary stenosis

…depending on the underlying etiology. Pulmonary stenosis can be valvular (i.e stenosis localized in the valve), subvalvular (stenosis proximal to the valve) or supravalvular…

Acute Aortic Syndromes: Intramural Haematoma and Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer

…A IMH: involves the ascending aorta. Type B IMH: involves the descending aorta distal to the left subclavian artery. Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer PAU is focal…

Differential Diagnosis of Chest Pain: A Clinical Overview

…2], [5]. Localization: While often retrosternal, the pain may be localized to the left anterior chest and can radiate to the neck, shoulders, and arms…

First-degree AV block (AV block I, AV block 1)

…require intervention. In most cases, the conduction delay is localized to the atrioventricular node. ECG examples of first degree atrioventricular block (AV block 1). Click…

Right ventricular strain: definition, causes, echocardiography

…ventricle in the thorax. It is localized immediately behind the sternum and thus is the most anteriorly located part of the heart. The right ventricle…

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (broken heart syndrome, stress induced cardiomyopathy)

…severe chest pain, dyspnea and occasionally hemodynamic compromise. The ECG shows localized ST segment elevations, T wave inversions and occasionally pathological Q waves. Troponin levels…

ACE Inhibitor Cough and Angioedema: Practical Management

…Angioedema Angioedema secondary to ACE inhibitor therapy occurs in approximately 1% of patients. It manifests as localized, transient swelling of the subcutaneous or submucosal tissues…

Non-ST Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) and Unstable Angina

…by eruptive, dense nodular calcifications that break through the intimal layer, provoking localized thrombosis. This is predominantly observed in older patients with heavily calcified, tortuous…

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