…1% of patients. It manifests as localized, transient swelling of the subcutaneous or submucosal tissues, most frequently involving the face, lips, tongue, and upper airway…

…or probable allergen , even if skin symptoms are absent [1,4]. Typical warning symptoms are: hoarseness, stridor, swelling of the tongue or throat dyspnoea, hypoxia…

…the atrial septum). In 15 20% of cases, the tumor is localized in the right atrium. Myxoma is rare in the valves and ventricles. Myxoma…

…narrowing of the RVOT (right ventricular outflow tract). Carcinoid heart disease : Carcinoid syndrome is a paraneoplastic syndrome that occurs due to carcinomas secreting kallikrein and…

…ulceration of an atherosclerotic plaque that penetrates through the internal elastic lamina into the media. The lesion may produce a localized medial haematoma and can…

…present [5]. Distinguishing Features: Pleuritic pain suggests pulmonary infarction, and a history of pain exacerbation with inspiration, along with a pleural friction rub, helps differentiate…

…and initiate an inflammatory response. The presence of antibodies directed against cardiac tissue, the latent interval of several weeks, improvement with anti inflammatory treatment, and…

…rarely of clinical significance and typically does not require intervention. In most cases, the conduction delay is localized to the atrioventricular node. ECG examples of…

…the location of the ventricle in the thorax. It is localized immediately behind the sternum and thus is the most anteriorly located part of the…

…apical portion of the left ventricle is dilated (hence the term apical ballooning syndrome ). This syndrome was first descried in 1991 in Japan and the…

…metalloproteinases (MMPs) degrade the interstitial collagen of the cap, leading to structural failure. Rupture exposes highly thrombogenic subendothelial matrix components, notably tissue factor and collagen…

…the volume, echogenicity and location of the effusion. Regarding the location, an effusion may be general (circumferential) or localized to a specific area. The effusion…

ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction Using the ECG to localize myocardial infarction and the coronary occlusion Determining the localization of myocardial infarction and ischemia, as…

…are evidence of myocardial infarction Myocardial infarction – particularly if extensive in size – typically manifests with pathological Q waves. These Q waves are wider and deeper…