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Myocardial ischemia and infarction: lack of oxygen or imbalance between supply/demand

…antithrombotic medications and reperfusion. Refer to G Heusch's excellent review on this topic [1]. References [1] G Heusch. Myocardial Ischemia: Lack of Coronary Blood…

Assessment of the pupillary reflex in cardiac arrest

…a result, pupils often dilate widely within 30–120 seconds of cardiac arrest and light reactivity is lost when cerebral blood flow ceases. In other…

Management of bradycardia (bradyarrhythmia)

…of adverse outcomes. Non acute or asymptomatic bradycardia Non acute bradycardia is a common finding in both healthy and diseased individuals. Asymptomatic bradycardia may lack…

Cardiac arrest due to pneumothorax

…specifically with an absence of sounds on the affected side. Ultrasonography can reveal pneumothorax (highlighted by a lack of lung tissue) and its impact on…

Regional Myocardial Contractile Function: Wall Motion Abnormalities

…the myocardium adapts and downregulates metabolism to avoid developing ischemia. According to this theory, ischemia occurs only if there is an absolute lack of oxygen …

Vasovagal Syncope: Diagnosis, Tilt Testing and Treatment

…the age of 60, vasovagal syncope is reported to occur in over 40% of females and 30% of males due to a lack of effective…

Warfarin therapy

…Warfarin has a narrow therapeutic index, a half life of several days and more than a hundred clinically relevant interactions. What determines whether the treatment…

Digoxin - ECG changes, arrhythmias, conduction defects & treatment

…pro arrhythmic effects and lack of compelling data regarding morbidity and mortality benefits, digoxin has been ousted repeatedly from the standard of care for these…

Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR)

…The underlying etiology of the cardiac arrest should be amenable to reversal. The indication is stronger in younger individuals. Individual patient circumstances and clinical judgment…

🟠 SYNTAX Score

…76). Lack of Clinical Variables : The original SYNTAX Score focuses solely on anatomical factors, ignoring clinical variables such as age, diabetes, and renal function, which…

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