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…bifurcated ACS into STEMI and NSTE ACS pathways. However, the 2023 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and 2025 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association…
ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation Video lecture: The ECG curve: P wave, PR Interval, Q wave, R wave, S wave, QRS complex, ST segment, T…
…circulation is high, the majority of the blood entering the pulmonary artery will be shunted through the ductus arteriosus into the aorta. It is important…
…circulation is high, the majority of the blood entering the pulmonary artery will be shunted through the ductus arteriosus into the aorta. It is important…
ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation The electrical axis of the heart Although often ignored, assessment of the electrical axis is an integral part of ECG…
…Introduction to ECG interpretation The electrical axis of the heart (heart axis) Although often ignored, assessment of the electrical axis is an integral part of…
ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation The QRS complex (ventricular complex): normal and abnormal configurations and intervals A complete QRS complex consists of a Q , R…
…learn the physiological basis of all ECG waves and how to determine whether the ECG is normal or abnormal. Although heart rhythm will be discussed…
…filling the ventricles with adequate volumes of blood before the ventricles begin contracting. To coordinate these two tasks, the heart has an intrinsic pacemaker–i…
ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation Standard display of ECG leads in the 12 lead ECG Numerous conditions that can be diagnosed using the 12 lead…
…which fibrillated the heart. This electrical factor came and killed and disappeared and was not found in the dead heart. The cause of death in…
…McMurray et al ). Management of heart failure progressed rapidly during the 1970s and 1980s. Beta blockers, ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers…
…of the arteries. It has become increasingly clear in the past few decades that atherosclerosis is not caused by the passive deposition of lipids into…
…stress testing also provides information on electrocardiographic (ECG) reaction, the occurrence of arrhythmias, symptoms, physiological reactions (blood pressure, heart rate) during and after exercise, etc…
ECG Introduction The traditional classification of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) into ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non STEMI (NSTEMI), and unstable angina (UA) has…
ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation 1. Which of the following ECG findings is typically considered a normal variant in asymptomatic athletes with no significant family…
ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation Principles of cardiac electrophysiology and electrocardiography (ECG) To ensure effective cardiac pumping function, the atria and the ventricles must be…
ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation Physiology and ECG features of the P wave, PR interval and PR segment The P wave ECG interpretation usually starts…
ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation The normal T wave Assessment of the T wave represents a difficult but fundamental part of ECG interpretation. The normal…
…death (SCD), Brugada syndrome (BrS) has evolved from an obscure electrocardiographic curiosity into a major focus of contemporary cardiac electrophysiology [1] . Recognized as a primary…
…Syndrome) [1] . Underlying Etiologies The etiology of VT is broadly dichotomized into structural heart disease (SHD) and structurally normal hearts, a division that profoundly influences…
Cardiology Myocardial ischemia and infarction Introduction Clinical assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD) requires integration of symptoms, cardiovascular risk, coronary anatomy, myocardial ischaemia, ventricular function…
ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation QT duration and corrected QT (QTc) duration ECG interpretation always includes an assessment of the QT interval (QT duration). The…
ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation Lathundar The Cardiac Electrical Axis: Definition, Clinical Implications, and Deviations Definition and Mechanism of the Electrical Axis The heart's…
ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation The ST segment: physiology, normal appearance, ST depression & ST elevation The ST segment corresponds to the plateau phase of the…
ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation A systematic approach to ECG interpretation: an efficient and safe method The ECG must always be interpreted systematically. Failure to…
…via gap junctions, facilitating the propagation of depolarization across the cells. Electrical potential differences arise as the electrical impulse travels through the heart. Electric potential…
…reduction in cardiovascular reserve, and the increasing burden of comorbid disease. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction becomes particularly common among the very old. Hypertension…
…of pacemaker cells The automaticity of the cells in the sinoatrial node is explained by the fact that these cells start leaking sodium (Na + ) into…
Myocardial ischemia and infarction Introduction Drug eluting stents (DES) are the predominant device used during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). They evolved from balloon angioplasty and…
…the basic concepts of AV blocks (refer to Introduction to AV Blocks). The term block is somewhat imprecise in the context of first degree AV…
…in Introduction to Exercise ECG. The most common indications are as follows: Assessment of cardiovascular risk in screening. Detection of coronary artery disease (ischemic heart…
…on AV blocks (refer to Introduction to AV Blocks). Second degree AV block is defined by the intermittent failure of atrial impulses to conduct to…
ECG Video lecture: Introduction to Electrocardiology and ECG Interpretation
