…and the start of the QRS complex is called the PR segment. The PR segment is the baseline (also referred to as reference line or…

…foramen ovale – between the right and left atrium. Most of the blood in the right atrium flows through the foramen ovale into the left atrium…

…foramen ovale – between the right and left atrium. Most of the blood in the right atrium flows through the foramen ovale into the left atrium…

…Figure 1. The electrical axis of the heart (heart axis). As evident from the figure, the normal heart axis is between –30° and 90°. If…

…Figure 38. The electrical axis of the heart (heart axis). As evident from the figure, the normal heart axis is between –30° and 90°. If…

…Introduction to ECG interpretation The QRS complex (ventricular complex): normal and abnormal configurations and intervals A complete QRS complex consists of a Q , R and…

…this chapter, you will learn the physiological basis of all ECG waves and how to determine whether the ECG is normal or abnormal. Although heart…

…volumes of blood before the ventricles begin contracting. To coordinate these two tasks, the heart has an intrinsic pacemaker–i.e. the sinus node–and…

…facilitates ECG interpretation (e.g. interpretation of myocardial ischemia and electrical axis). All modern ECG machines can present either aVR or –aVR; we recommend that …

…extremely low and the potentially catastrophic consequences of wrongfully withholding an attempt, CPR is often initiated in individuals who are biologically dead or in w