…functional capacity, and health related quality of life substantially influence both cardiovascular risk and the balance between treatment benefit and harm. Prevention in the very…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation Video lecture: The ECG curve: P wave, PR Interval, Q wave, R wave, S wave, QRS complex, ST segment, T…

…circulation is high, the majority of the blood entering the pulmonary artery will be shunted through the ductus arteriosus into the aorta. It is important…

…circulation is high, the majority of the blood entering the pulmonary artery will be shunted through the ductus arteriosus into the aorta. It is important…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation The electrical axis of the heart Although often ignored, assessment of the electrical axis is an integral part of ECG…

…Introduction to ECG interpretation The electrical axis of the heart (heart axis) Although often ignored, assessment of the electrical axis is an integral part of…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation The QRS complex (ventricular complex): normal and abnormal configurations and intervals A complete QRS complex consists of a Q , R…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation ECG Interpretation: definitions, criteria, and characteristics of the normal ECG waves, intervals, durations and rhythm This is arguably one of…

…safe, and sophisticated treatment used worldwide. Artificial pacemakers have benefitted immensely from advances in engineering, notably with the advent of transistors, programmable circuits, lithium batteries…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation Standard display of ECG leads in the 12 lead ECG Numerous conditions that can be diagnosed using the 12 lead…

…the article follows: [...] Of every 10 such victims, the heart in 6 or 7 showed no recent disease in coronary arteries or in heart muscle…

…proved that beta blockers prolong life, alleviate symptoms and reduce the risk of hospitalization for patients with heart failure. Several landmark studies followed and proved…

…by middle age, most persons have some degree of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries. Advanced atherosclerotic plaques contain inflammatory cells, smooth muscle cells, extracellular matrix…

ECG Exercise stress test Introduction to exercise stress test (treadmill test, exercise stress ECG) Exercise stress testing has been used routinely for over 60 years…

ECG Introduction The traditional classification of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) into ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non STEMI (NSTEMI), and unstable angina (UA) has…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation 1. Which of the following ECG findings is typically considered a normal variant in asymptomatic athletes with no significant family…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation Principles of cardiac electrophysiology and electrocardiography (ECG) To ensure effective cardiac pumping function, the atria and the ventricles must be…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation Physiology and ECG features of the P wave, PR interval and PR segment The P wave ECG interpretation usually starts…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation The normal T wave Assessment of the T wave represents a difficult but fundamental part of ECG interpretation. The normal…

…death (SCD), Brugada syndrome (BrS) has evolved from an obscure electrocardiographic curiosity into a major focus of contemporary cardiac electrophysiology [1] . Recognized as a primary…

…Syndrome) [1] . Underlying Etiologies The etiology of VT is broadly dichotomized into structural heart disease (SHD) and structurally normal hearts, a division that profoundly influences…

Cardiology Myocardial ischemia and infarction Introduction Clinical assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD) requires integration of symptoms, cardiovascular risk, coronary anatomy, myocardial ischaemia, ventricular function…

Introduction to Coronary Atherosclerosis, Plaques, Atherothrombosis Coronary atherosclerosis is a chronic, progressive, and highly dynamic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall. It is characterized by…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation QT duration and corrected QT (QTc) duration ECG interpretation always includes an assessment of the QT interval (QT duration). The…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation Lathundar The Cardiac Electrical Axis: Definition, Clinical Implications, and Deviations Definition and Mechanism of the Electrical Axis The heart's…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation The ST segment: physiology, normal appearance, ST depression & ST elevation The ST segment corresponds to the plateau phase of the…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation A systematic approach to ECG interpretation: an efficient and safe method The ECG must always be interpreted systematically. Failure to…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation The ECG leads Before discussing the ECG leads and various lead systems, we need to clarify the difference between ECG…

…of pacemaker cells The automaticity of the cells in the sinoatrial node is explained by the fact that these cells start leaking sodium (Na + ) into…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Introduction Drug eluting stents (DES) are the predominant device used during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). They evolved from balloon angioplasty and…

…the basic concepts of AV blocks (refer to Introduction to AV Blocks). The term block is somewhat imprecise in the context of first degree AV…

…the relevance of withholding specific cardioactive medications during exercise testing (exercise ECG). Indications for exercise stress test Indications have been discussed in Introduction to Exercise…

…on AV blocks (refer to Introduction to AV Blocks). Second degree AV block is defined by the intermittent failure of atrial impulses to conduct to…

ECG Video lecture: Introduction to Electrocardiology and ECG Interpretation