ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation The ECG leads Before discussing the ECG leads and various lead systems, we need to clarify the difference between ECG…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation Video lecture: The ECG curve: P wave, PR Interval, Q wave, R wave, S wave, QRS complex, ST segment, T…

…circulation is high, the majority of the blood entering the pulmonary artery will be shunted through the ductus arteriosus into the aorta. It is important…

…circulation is high, the majority of the blood entering the pulmonary artery will be shunted through the ductus arteriosus into the aorta. It is important…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation The electrical axis of the heart Although often ignored, assessment of the electrical axis is an integral part of ECG…

…Introduction to ECG interpretation The electrical axis of the heart (heart axis) Although often ignored, assessment of the electrical axis is an integral part of…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation The QRS complex (ventricular complex): normal and abnormal configurations and intervals A complete QRS complex consists of a Q , R…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation ECG Interpretation: definitions, criteria, and characteristics of the normal ECG waves, intervals, durations and rhythm This is arguably one of…

…safe, and sophisticated treatment used worldwide. Artificial pacemakers have benefitted immensely from advances in engineering, notably with the advent of transistors, programmable circuits, lithium batteries…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation Standard display of ECG leads in the 12 lead ECG Numerous conditions that can be diagnosed using the 12 lead…

…coronary care unit (CCU), regular wards and rehabilitation facilities. Depending on the cause of the arrest, other units may be critical (e.g. trauma unit)…

…Types of heart failure. Type Description Ejection fraction (%) HFREF Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction <40% HFmrEF Heart Failure with midrange Ejection Fraction 40–49…

…deposition of lipids into the coronary artery walls; indeed, atherosclerosis is a disease in which the immune system elicits an active inflammation within the artery…

…cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI), and echocardiography have enabled detailed functional and anatomical imaging of cardiac anatomy, assessment of coronary artery stenosis, and myocardial ischemia…

ECG Introduction The traditional classification of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) into ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non STEMI (NSTEMI), and unstable angina (UA) has…

… A: Brugada Type 1 pattern B: Profound sinus bradycardia (<30 beats/min or sinus pauses ≥3s) C: Increased QRS voltage (isolated QRS voltage criteria for…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation Principles of cardiac electrophysiology and electrocardiography (ECG) To ensure effective cardiac pumping function, the atria and the ventricles must be…

…a consequence of increased resistance to empty blood into the right ventricle. This may be due to pulmonary valve stenosis, increased pulmonary artery pressure etc…

…Their duration is short; they typically disappear within minutes after a total occlusion in a coronary artery occurs (then of course, the ST segment will…

…death (SCD), Brugada syndrome (BrS) has evolved from an obscure electrocardiographic curiosity into a major focus of contemporary cardiac electrophysiology [1] . Recognized as a primary…

…Syndrome) [1] . Underlying Etiologies The etiology of VT is broadly dichotomized into structural heart disease (SHD) and structurally normal hearts, a division that profoundly influences…

Cardiology Myocardial ischemia and infarction Introduction Clinical assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD) requires integration of symptoms, cardiovascular risk, coronary anatomy, myocardial ischaemia, ventricular function…

Introduction to Coronary Atherosclerosis, Plaques, Atherothrombosis Coronary atherosclerosis is a chronic, progressive, and highly dynamic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall. It is characterized by…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation QT duration and corrected QT (QTc) duration ECG interpretation always includes an assessment of the QT interval (QT duration). The…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation Lathundar The Cardiac Electrical Axis: Definition, Clinical Implications, and Deviations Definition and Mechanism of the Electrical Axis The heart's…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation The ST segment: physiology, normal appearance, ST depression & ST elevation The ST segment corresponds to the plateau phase of the…

…Second degree AV block Mobitz type I (Wenckebach block) : repeated cycles of gradually increasing PR interval until an atrial impulse (P wave) is blocked in…

Cardiology Clinical medicine Introduction Cardiovascular disease becomes increasingly prevalent with advancing age, while its clinical expression and management become progressively more complex. Older adults, often…

…of pacemaker cells The automaticity of the cells in the sinoatrial node is explained by the fact that these cells start leaking sodium (Na + ) into…

…procedural complexity, and the relative merits of PCI and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Definition and Pathophysiology From balloon angioplasty to coronary stents Balloon angioplasty…

…bilaterally in the bundle branches. This type of first degree AV block often progresses to third degree (complete) AV block, and therefore necessitates an artificial…

…been discussed in Introduction to Exercise ECG. The most common indications are as follows: Assessment of cardiovascular risk in screening. Detection of coronary artery disease …

…on AV blocks (refer to Introduction to AV Blocks). Second degree AV block is defined by the intermittent failure of atrial impulses to conduct to…

ECG Video lecture: Introduction to Electrocardiology and ECG Interpretation