…contraindications, and subject preparations. We will also discuss the relevance of withholding specific cardioactive medications during exercise testing (exercise ECG). Indications for exercise stress test…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation QT duration and corrected QT (QTc) duration ECG interpretation always includes an assessment of the QT interval (QT duration). The…

Cardiology Introduction Ventricular tachycardia (VT) represents a complex and potentially lethal spectrum of cardiac arrhythmias that remains a formidable challenge in contemporary cardiovascular medicine. As…

…into primary and secondary. Primary and secondary ST T changes Primary ST T changes are caused by abnormal repolarization . This is seen in ischemia, electrolyte…

…segment starts. The T wave The T wave reflects the rapid repolarization (recovery) of the myocardium and T wave changes occur in numerous conditions. T…

…foramen ovale – between the right and left atrium. Most of the blood in the right atrium flows through the foramen ovale into the left atrium…

…foramen ovale – between the right and left atrium. Most of the blood in the right atrium flows through the foramen ovale into the left atrium…

…Figure 1. The electrical axis of the heart (heart axis). As evident from the figure, the normal heart axis is between –30° and 90°. If…

…Figure 38. The electrical axis of the heart (heart axis). As evident from the figure, the normal heart axis is between –30° and 90°. If…

…Introduction to ECG interpretation The QRS complex (ventricular complex): normal and abnormal configurations and intervals A complete QRS complex consists of a Q , R and…