…segment starts. The T wave The T wave reflects the rapid repolarization (recovery) of the myocardium and T wave changes occur in numerous conditions. T…

…foramen ovale – between the right and left atrium. Most of the blood in the right atrium flows through the foramen ovale into the left atrium…

…foramen ovale – between the right and left atrium. Most of the blood in the right atrium flows through the foramen ovale into the left atrium…

…Figure 1. The electrical axis of the heart (heart axis). As evident from the figure, the normal heart axis is between –30° and 90°. If…

…Figure 38. The electrical axis of the heart (heart axis). As evident from the figure, the normal heart axis is between –30° and 90°. If…

…potential to contractile cells. The subsequent spread of the action potential occur from one contractile cell to another, starting in the endocardium and heading towards…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation ECG Interpretation: definitions, criteria, and characteristics of the normal ECG waves, intervals, durations and rhythm This is arguably one of…

…depolarization of the membrane potential. Cardiac electromechanical coupling Depolarization activates the myocardial cells and induces cellular processes that lead to cell contraction. The spread of…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation Standard display of ECG leads in the 12 lead ECG Numerous conditions that can be diagnosed using the 12 lead…

…requires comprehensive efforts and resources, ranging from continuously training laymen in the community to establishing advanced post resuscitation care. Since the majority of all sudden…